... fill this definition above. Scientific study is a valid way of coming to an understanding of life, and can be very useful in every area of life. Science develops theories based on what is observed. It examines each theory with rigorous and scrupulous tests to see if it describes reality. The scientific method works well in observing and recording physical data and in reaching conclusions which either confirm or nullify a theory. During the mid-19th century, scholars (although at that time probably termed philosophers) wanted to study human nature with the aim of applying the scientific method to observe, record, and treat human behavior that was deem ...

... means of pumping water from the body. The kidney became adept at reabsorbing glucose, salts, and other materials which would have been lost if simply pumped out of the body by a simple organ. The cut surface of the kidney reveals two distinct areas: the cortex- a dark band along the outer border, about one centimeter in thickness, and the inner medulla. The medulla is divided into 8 to 18 cone-shaped masses of tissue named renal pyramids. The apex of each pyramid, the papilla, extends into the renal pelvis, through which urine is released from the kidney tissue. The cortex arches over the bases of the pyramids (cortical arches) and extends down between each p ...

... been recently discovered to affect those who possess a certain allele of the APOE, apolipoprotein E, gene located on Chromosome 19. APOE, which encodes a protein that helps transport cholesterol in the body and also is involved in nerve cell repair, comes in three alleles, e2, e3, and e4. Those with one or two e4 alleles are deemed at higher risk of Alzheimer's disease, although those who possess APOE-e4 are not guaranteed to develop the disease. APOE-e4 may simply be unable to efficiently repair nerve cells. The presence of e4 does not signify if person will develop Alzheimer's; instead, it signifies when he or she will get it. Recent studies suggest that Alz ...

... tremendous movement to make cigarettes illegal. Now the debate is on environmental tobacco smoke also known as secondhand smoke, passive smoking, and sidestream smoke. The worry is that when non-smokers are exposed to secondhand smoke they face the same health hazards as smokers. Tobacco smoke contains more than forty known carcinogens. Sidestream smoke carries these carcinogens into the air (Sussman 12). According to scientific studies tobacco smoke contains four thousand chemicals, and at least sixty are known to cause cancer. Carbon monoxide is the main gas in cigarette smoke. This gas competes with oxygen for binding sites on red blood cells, and results ...

... the same reasons women do. To be more specific S. Boughn (1994), states three main reasons why men enter nursing: " psycho-social motivation as defined as the desire to care for others; practical motivation, specifically as related to job security and salary; and feelings of power and empowerment." Contrary to societal views about males and caring, the masculine gender does have a sensitive side. For example, many men like nursing because of the satisfaction that comes from helping others or from saving a life. I can relate to some of the male nurses views. I find extreme pleasure from helping others and it is good to know that I am going to be in a profession wher ...

... member of society. A problem that lies within this problem, is the chronically obese person. Obesity is when one's body wieght is 25-30% above normal. While overweight is 20-30 pounds over normal. Most people, including health care providers see the problem with obesity as eating too much and exercising too little. But in truth, for many obese people the problem lies with genetic predisposition, metabolic problems, binge eating or sometimes all. These factors make dieting virtually impossible because these problems are not ones that can be solved by simply cutting calories. Especially the problem of binge eating. Compulsive "binge" eating in the o ...

... evidence that abortion increases the risk of breast cancer. Women that abort increase their chances of getting breast cancer by 50%, and teenagers with no previous pregnancies that abort after the 8th week increase their probability by 800%. Unicef states that 250,000 women die every year because of legal and illegal abortions: 75,000 of them die of self-inflicted abortions; 75,000 die of convulsions; and the other 100,000 die of blood poisoning caused by an infection of the uterus. Therefore, if abortion is legalized there will be not only more fetal murders but also more mothers will die. None of the methods women use to abort are completly safe. One of the most ...

... in America, the Unitarian Universalistic Association, the American Baptist Church, the National Council of Jewish Women, Presbyterian Church in the United States, Reformed Church in America, American Friends Service Committee and the Episcopal Church.5 Even the Catholic Church, which normally opposes abortion, makes an exception when the fetus is killed in the process of saving the mother.6 About 83% of Americans approve of abortion in cases of rape, or when the fetus is abnormal or likely to suffer a disability later in life.7 Pro-life “supporters” oppose abortion because they believe a fetus is a person from the moment of conception. A 22% minority of the U ...

... the first. Between the ages of 18 and 21 years, 4 molars called wisdom teeth emerge. The 20 primary teeth -4 central incisors, 4 canines (cuspids), and 8 molars- begin to develop pior to birth. They are eventually replaced- beginning around the age of 6 -by 32 permanent teeth.: 4 central incisors, 4 lateral incisors, 4 cuspids, 8 bicuspids (premolars), and 12 molars. The 4 wisdom teeth develop after the other 8 molars, as the jaws increase in size. If this increase is insufficient, the wisdom teeth may become impacted, that is wedged between the jawbone and other teeth, sometimes resulting in pain and inflammation. The upper teeth, called maxillary, and the low ...

... strongly influenced the course of history on Earth. The organisms responsible for human infections are viruses. Viruses are simple life forms consisting of nucleic acid, encoding genetic information , and surface components of protein that enable them to enter cells. Viruses are unable to multiple outside of cells. Mono is found in the DNA in the body. Another name for mononucleosis is glandular fever because of the fever and swelling of the lymph nodes throughout the body. What causes mononucleosis is the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is like herpes. The herpes virus also causes some cases of mono and other diseases. Mono usually occurs in adults 15 to 3 ...