... is warmer than it has been in 1,200 years.2 Recently, the summer of 1999 set records for heat in much of the United States. The average world temperature has increased one degree Fahrenheit over the last 120 years, making the world hotter than it has been in 100,000 years. From the beginning of the industrial revolution, concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased by 30%, concentrations of methane have doubled, and nitrous oxide has risen by 15%. The increases of these chemicals have enhanced the heat trapping capability of the atmosphere of the earth. Sulfate aerosols, cool the atmosphere because they reflect light back into space, but sulfates do not l ...

... They tried to chemically treat the waste and reuse it, but "that would cost a fortune". They thought of launching the waste into outer space but it too will cost a fortune. They tried to dump barrels filled with nuclear waste into the ocean but they started leaking. As you can see, there is a great need for a nuclear waste disposal site. These sites may sound frightening, but it may be the only way for us to dispose the devastation we had longed to create. In 1986, the decision for a nuclear waste depositary proved to be "the most frightening decision of the decade." Of these sites, three were chosen to be the "most suitable" for the disposal of nuclear b ...

... turn up is new legislation. Recent EU-directives as to pollution may cause heavy demands on the purse of one company and consequently pour that money down the pockets of the clean technology indu-stry. Moreover the deadlines for plants to meet EU-directives are getting close, and everything se-ems to show that the laws will be enforced. Yet far from all companies have to meet with the raised finger of the law to start investing in their environmental responsibilities. Investments on a volunta-ry basis are often due to the fact that it makes good ecnomic sense or because it gives the corporate image a face- lifting. Seen from a geoprahical point of view Ge ...

... which today is known worldwide while klaproth's own fame has faded. Uranium is as dense as gold. Uranium, was first prepared with some difficulty, in 1841 by the french chemist Eugène Peligot, using thermal reaction of tetrachloride with potassium. Later in 1870, an important fact was established: uranium is the last and heaviest element present on earth. This was demonstrated by Dimitri Mendeleev in his famous perodical classification of the elements by chemical properties and increasing atomic mass. Experimentation with uranium lead to many discoversies such as the X-ray by Wilhelm Röntgen, on November 8, 1895. Wilhelm Röntgen, was awarded the first Nobel pr ...

... be an important tool in ... ultimately stopping -- the aging process.” Becoming immortal is not the only plus to cloning. Furthermore, the research of cloning has helped scientists become aware of the way genes operate. With continuous research into the ways of cloning scientists could come to understand the ways cells and genes work. As the information grows we will be able to get rid of genetic diseases and defects. “As geneticists have come to understand the ways in which genes operate, they have also become aware of the myriad ways in which the environment affects their ‘expression.’” In the future people will be able to decide what their child will lo ...

... there were many bony fish, sponges, snails, clams, and sea urchins became extinct. Paleontologists have proposed scenarios that could have caused these extinctions. One such scenario involves the growing number of small mammals which ate dinosaur eggs, and therefore caused the dinosaurs' birth rate to drop. The birth rate became smaller than the death rate and the dinosaurs died out. This, however, is not a plausible scenario. This would only account for the dinosaurs, but not all the other creatures of that time. Paleontologists needed to come up with a more plausible and devastating theory that would include the other creatures that died out 65 million years a ...

... Kuzminykh, a 19-year old teenager, was aboard the submarine the Vepr when he attacked the sentry and killed him with a chisel. Panicking he grabbed the guard’s AK-47 and killed seven more crew members on the way to the torpedo bay where he locked himself in. This suicidal teenager the stayed in the bay for twenty hours threatening to blow it up and potentially causing a “Floating Chernobyl”(Paddock-thestar.com). He talked to his mother and then he just killed himself. When scientists and nuclear activists got a hold of this story “it sent shivers through their spine” (Paddock-thestar.com). This was because one day ...

... loss, as well as visual manifestation, have been the only ways to galvanize action towards altering and limiting technologies so that adverse chemicals and substances are no longer belched into the environment. For example, Sagan is right on the mark when he indicates that it took the reality that CFCs were destroying the sensitive but protective ozone layer to encourage large chemical companies to begin a gradual phase-out of these substances, even when scientists had already discovered the terrible effects of the chemical combination. Sagan says that to slowly stop usage of such obviously dangerous substances is not enough, for even with current condition ...

... there and spread outward. While it did go west, it spread in every direction, and the Asian nations suffered as cruelly as anywhere. In China, for example, the population dropped from around 125 million to 90 million over the course of the 14 century. The plague moved along the caravan routes toward the West. By 1345 it had made it’s way to the lower Volga River. By early 1347 it was in Constantinople. It hit Alexandria in the autumn of that year, and by spring 1348, a thousand people a day were dying there. In Cairo, Egypt, the count was seven times that. The disease traveled by ship as readily as by land and it was no sooner in the eastern Mediterranean t ...

... Predicts massive chaotic systems 3. Finds order to random phenomena D. Knowledge-based systems (KBS) 1. Maintains large knowledge base 2. Facts programmed into rules 3. Only as good as the information E. Expert Systems 1. Database of information 2. Limited to structured rules 3. Use symbolic representations F. Case-bases reasoning (CBR) 1. Allows a system to store and analyze data 2. Analyzes each case uniquely III. How AI can be used A. Neural Networks 1. Military aircraft 2. S&P index 3. Recognizing new patterns of credit-card fraud B. Fuzzy logic 1. Washing machines 2. Vacuum cleaners ...