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Essays on Science

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
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... the clinical disease varies with each case, but most commonly lasts for several weeks. BSE continues to progress and is usually considered fatal (Blowey, 1991). After extensive research, the pathology of BSE was finally determined. Microscopic lesions in the central nervous system that consist of a bilaterally symmetrical, non-inflammatory vacuolation of neuronal perikarya and grey-matter neuropil was the scientists' overall conclusion (Stadthalle, 1993). These lesions are consistent with the diseases of the more common scrapie family. Without further investigation, the conclusion was made that BSE was a new member of the scrapie family (Westgarth, 1994). Trans ...



Heroin A Long Dark Path
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... “black tar heroin”. Opiates are drugs that are derived from a naturally occurring substance found in the poppy plant. Although the purity of the heroin that reaches the streets is becoming greater, most street heroin is cut or diluted. Usually this is done with another drug, or a substance such as sugar, starch, powdered milk, or quinine. Street heroin can also be cut with strychnine or other poisons. The reason heroin is one of the most deadly drugs is because there are varying rates at which the drug is diluted. Therefore a user never knows exactly how pure the drug is, hence, they do not know how much of the drug they should take, often leading to an overdos ...



Types Of Microphones
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... microphones are becoming more and more intricate. First of all many microphones contain little batteries about the size of a hearing aid. The batteries last a very long time. The television field uses around four kinds of microphones as basic equipment; the hand-held omnidirectional, the tiny lavalier mic, which is used by clipping on clothing, a wireless microphone called the transmitter mic, and the shotgun mic. The Omnidirectional Microphone comes in many different shapes and sizes. They are used when the background sound is normally low. They usually work by pointing the mic directly at the source of the sound. This mic is not good for loud background sou ...



Effects Of Drugs On Pregnet Women
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... causes growing cells to be starved of oxygen, and effects the brain. This can lead to a low birth weight and higher chance of the baby dying at birth. Smoking is the single largest modifiable( changeable) risk factor in fetal growth retardation. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is also associated with genetic defects as well as an increased incidence of congenital malformations such as cleft palates, microcephalus, and clubfoot. Mothers who smoke one pack a day during pregnancy have an 85% increased risk of having a child with mental retardation. Mothers that smoke during their pregnancy have double the chance of having a child with behavural problems. Another o ...



Atom Book
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... An atom is made of little things called protons, nuetrons, and electrons. Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have no charge, and electrons have a negative charge. Electrons travel around the center of the atom, which is called the nucleus. Kind of like how Earth revolves around the sun. Protons and nuetrons make up the center of the atom. The atom has an atomic number. Scientists find that number by counting how many protons are in the nucleus. In this case Helium has two protons. Scientists find the average atomic mass by adding up protons and neutrons many times. Then they divide the total by how many times they tried this. This time Helium has an avera ...



Mans Effect On The Environment
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... along the foodchain. Marine Environments : 80% of the waste which is pumped into the sea each year is produced by dredging, 10% is industrial waste and 10% is sewage. Some of the consiquences due to this are :- presence of toxic substances and the rapid uptake of contaminants by marine organisms to name but a few. Oil spillages either by tankers or offshore ridges cause devistating effects on the local environments. Oil is extremely dense which means it floats on top of the water and can kill fish and birds, ruin beaches but nothing as yet has been invented to deal with this major problem. Dangerous metals such as mercury, arsenic and lead are also dumped ...



Mercury 2
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... Hermes as an evening star. Greek astronomers knew, however, that the two names referred to the same body. Since Mercury is a smaller planet, extremely close to the sun, and has no substantial atmosphere, it has the greatest temperature range of any planet or natural satellite in our solar system. The surface temperature on the side of Mercury closest to the Sun reaches 427 degrees Celsius, a temperature hot enough to melt tin. On the side facing away from the Sun, or the night side, the temperature drops to -183 degrees Celsius. Scientists have detected a magnetic field surrounding Mercury, though it is not as strong as the field around the Earth. Scientists the ...



The Kondratieff Wave
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... the long wave cycles in order to act appropriately. Knowing in what phase of the long wave cycle can help link smaller wave cycles with the actual world system long wave cycle. Briefly described, there are four quadrants to the K-wave. In quadrant one we have that “risk is relevant to what the masses think”. In this stage of the K-wave going against mass thinking can result in a very wise choice. Most people can be extremely cautious and pessimistic during this period not knowing what to be cautious about. There is much speculation going on and being one of the first persons to act may give you and advantage. In the second quadrant nominal rates expan ...



Army Ants
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... insects and large anthropoids, they may occasionally kill larger animals but they do not eat them. As the need for food for the larvae increases, food gathering raids become more intense. The hunting raids made by ants are carried out by "armies" of thousands of ants and set out from the bivouac in various directions. They form two or three parties going out simultaneously in different directions for 100 yards or more. In the U.S. army we attack countries in different areas to weaken the force we are attacking. We send out thousands of troops in various directions and try to surround the source of the location being attacked. For instance, if there are sev ...



Comets
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... and dust. Major proofs of the snowball theory rest on various data. For one, of the observed gases and meteoric particles that are ejected to provide the coma and tails of comets, most of the gases are fragmentary molecules, or radicals, of the most common elements in space: hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. The radicals, for example, of CH, NH, and OH may be broken away from the stable molecules CH4 (methane), NH3 (ammonia), and H2O (water), which may exist as ices or more complex, very cold compounds in the nucleus. Another fact in support of the snowball theory is that the best-observed comets move in orbits that deviate significantly from Newtonian grav ...




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