... has a greater mass than the original substance. Stahl tried to cover himself by saying that phlogiston will take away from a substance's mass or that it had a negative mass, which weren't relevant to his original theories. In the Eighteenth Century Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, in France, discovered an important detail in the understanding of the chemical reaction combustion of oxygen. He said that combustion was a chemical reaction involving oxygen and another combustible substance, such as wood. John Dalton, in the early Nineteenth Century, discovered the atom. It gave way to the idea that a chemical reaction was actually the rearrangement of groups of atoms call ...

... smoking, are not really speaking for themselves. It is their addiction speaking for them. It is that little addicted voice inside their minds rationalizing the addiction, because they know, it might hurt to quit. They know that there will be a sense of loss. They know that smoking is as much a part of their personality as being a happy person, or being a morning person, or liking to go to the movies. Smoking becomes a part of who and what you are, An addict. It amazes me the number of people who smoke cigarettes who would never smoke a "marijuana" cigarette. They say "Oh no, that’s drugs" or "I’m not a dope fiend". Sorry pal tobacco is a drug and if you're a smoker ...

... undergo combustion. Power plants and other fossil fuel burning industrial areas release various forms of nitrous oxides. These two chemical compounds combine with the water in the atmosphere to form what is known as . The negative effects has on the environment is the main reason legislation of industrial emissions from governments has been prompted. is harmful to the environment because of its low pH. It can harm the biotic components of earth, and also the abiotic components. It's high acidity degrades soil to the point where it cannot support any type of plant life. Trees in forests are killed over long-term exposure. When these trees are killed, an imbalance ...

... lowers testosterone levels, and damages the lungs. Most of these claims, however, have been unreplicated in humans or have been contradicted by other work. This section will address each of these reported negative side-effects. Various studies have claimed that cannabis destroys brain cells. However, several other studies found no structural or neurochemical atrophy in the brain at all. Furthermore, it should be noted that Heath's work was sharply criticized for avoiding safeguards of bias and reporting "changes" that occur normally in the mammalian brain. Wu et al. found a correlation between cannabis use and low sperm counts in human males. This is misleading ...

... in the United States. The bees spread from Texas to New Mexico and Arizona and then into California by 1994. The bees reached an apparent climatic limit to their southern range in the middle of Argentina, and their range is expected to be similarly limited to the southern and coastal states in the United States. They have hybridized to some extent with resident wild and hive populations of European honeybees. However, many of the basic African honeybee traits remain, including rapid population growth, frequent swarming, minimal hoarding of honey, the ability to survive on sparse supplies of pollen and nectar, and a highly defensive nature. Africanized honeybees ...

... year (two full Earth years). The next Mars lander is scheduled for January 3, 1999 liftoff. Mars Polar will touch down on Mars in December 1999, carrying two softball-size penetrators, the Deep Space 2 mission, that will crash land on Mars some 60 miles north of the landing site. All is going well with ’s Saturn-bound Cassini mission and the Deep Space 1 mission. Cassini will reach Saturn in June 2004 and Deep Space 1 will rendezvous with asteroid 1992KD in July 1999. The Galileo spacecraft at Jupiter went into a safe mode just six hours before its scheduled flyby of Europa on November 21-22, meaning it failed to collect any images or data; probably because of ...

... And last, “Much of this variation is heritable.” This process of eliminating certain parts of a population is natural selection. Studies were being done during Darwin’s findings that indicated there was a “gene” associated with certain characteristics. Mendel’s pea plants proved there was a way of artificially creating trends in color of flowers. This discovery led to modern genetics. We now know chromosomes carry valuable information that determines characteristics in living species. When you put these two discoveries together you really understand how animals have evolved to their currant state. When animals are born the have traits that help them live ...

... is immersed. Safety experts estimate that half of all drowning victims actually die from the fatal effects of cold water, or , and not from water filled lungs. A person can be exposed to when they are in cold weather and improperly dressed or submerged in cool water for a long period of time. There are even reported cases of elderly people dying of in their homes do to the non-efficient heating system. Over 50% of deaths in Manitoba, Alberta, and British Columbia are related to alcohol and drug intoxication.(Seluge,1) can also occur when a person has illnesses or health problems such as heart circulatory, or thyroid diseases; diabetes, arthritis, and oth ...

... expression of a person's genes toward a therapeutic goal. has been discussed in the context of treating lethal and disabling diseases although it also has a potential for disease prevention. is in its formative stages, being investigated in basic research laboratories. A number of early human clinical trials have been initiated to test important concepts that have emerged in these laboratory studies. The reasoning for lies in our understanding of the genetic basis of human disease. It is probably safe to say that genes we inherit from our parents influence virtually every human disease. A composite of approximately 150,000 individual genes constitutes a human be ...

... like an air bubble squirting out something green. This was our fern spore which was germinating. Next, we removed a few of the germinating spores from the petri dish and put them under a compound microscope scope. We found the spore wall and observed how the developing gametophyte had broken through the wall, as instructed by our lab manuals. One could also identify the chloroplasts with in the cell. We then put up our dishes for another week. The third week of our fern lab we identified the difference between male and female gametophytes. We did this by taking a culture from our petri dish and placing it under a dissecting microscope. Due to the male and ...