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Essays on Science

Surface Area To Volume Ratios In Plants (Arid Vs. Moist Environments)
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... to photosynthesize? These are the questions that lie at the basis of the following experiment. Objective: To determine how the presence or absence of water in the environment affects the surface area to volume ratios in plants. It is observed that plants in moist environments have more lush, larger foliage, while plants inhabiting desert conditions are generally smaller and have less photosynthetic surface areas. Hypothesis: Alternative Hypothesis: states the hypothesis being tested in this experiment. Photosynthetic structures of plants adapted to arid environments have a lower surface area to volume ratio than plants adapted to less dry or moist ...



Virtual Reality - What It Is And How It Works
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... it as a sort of drug. This became evident when, among other people, Timothy Leary became interested in VR. This has also worried some of the researchers who are trying to create very real applications for medical, space, physical, chemical, and entertainment uses among other things. In order to create this alternate reality, however, you need to find ways to create the illusion of reality with a piece of machinery known as the computer. This is done with several computer-user interfaces used to simulate the senses. Among these, are stereoscopic glasses to make the simulated world look real, a 3D auditory display to give depth to sound, sensor lined g ...



A Balloon And Science
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... up, must come down." Gravity pulls the balloon and straw downwards so it drags against the fishing line. Sir Isaac Newton made up the three laws of motion. He lived 500 years ago. The first law of motion is: An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless a force makes the object change its state of rest or motion. This means the rocket balloon won't start until you let go of the closing (hole). It wont stop until it runs out of air or something is in the way of its' path. The second law of motion is: The acceleration of an object increases as the amount of force causing the acceleration increases. This means the more ...



The Element Carbon And Its Importance
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... oil, natural gas, or other petroleum fuels are burned in limited supplies of air, powdery-black soot of amorphous carbon, called carbon black, is formed. Carbon black is used in rubber products and paint. Charcoal is used as a cooking fuel and ivory black, made by heating ivory, is used as a pigment in paint. Most carbon occurs in combination with other elements. For example, the carbon dioxide in the air is a compound of carbon and oxygen. Other compounds containing carbon include minerals such as limestone, and fuels such as coal and petroleum. Carbon compounds make up the living tissues of all animals and plants. There are over one million known car ...



Plan And Purpose (Creation) Or Time And Chance (Evolution)?
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... while evolution is based on time and chance. Both creation and evolution are faith propositions that are biased in their approach. However, the question is: “Which bias is the best bias to be biased with?” 1. Why can you say that both Creation and Evolution are biased in their approach? You can say that both creation and evolution are biased in their approach because those that believe in creation (creationists) posses a strong, firm, uncompromising sense of their beliefs and doctrines, and those that believe in evolution (evolutionists) posses an incompressible view of their beliefs. Creationists firmly believe that their tentative assumptions ...



Depression
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... targets. One form of that plaques our society is called major . Major is a mood disorder characterized by extreme and persistent feelings of despondency, worthlessness, and hopelessness causing impaired emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and physical functioning (Hockenbury & Hockenbury, 1998). Major affects about 12 million American a year (Hockenbury & Hockenbury, 1998). Individuals who suffer from this form of is overwhelmingly sad. Often, sadness is accompanied by feelings of quilt, worthlessness, inadequacy, emptiness, and hopelessness, even though these individuals are surrounded by friends and family, they feel along and disconnected from others (A. Sch ...



Fiber Optics
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... Endoscopy Introduction The Fibre-Optic Endoscope Some Applications for Fibre-Optic Endoscopy References Fibre Optics A relatively new technology with vast potential importance, fibre optics, is the channelled transmission of light through hair-thin glass fibres. The clear advantages of fibre optics are too often obscured by concerns that may have been valid during the pioneering days of fibre, but that have since been answered by technical advances. Fibre is fragile An optical fibre has greater tensile strength than copper or steel fibres of the same diameter. It is flexible, bends easily, and resists most corrosive elements that attack co ...



Asymmetric Epoxidation Of Dihydronaphthalene With A Synthesized Jacobsen's Catalyst
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... had the ability to catalyze the asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalized alkenes, providing enantiomeric excesses that regularly reaching 90% and sometimes exceeding 98% . The chiral manganese complex Jacobsen utilized was [(R,R)-N,N'-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2- cyclohexanediaminato-(2-)]-manganese (III) chloride (Jacobsen's Catalyst). (R,R) Jacobsen's Catalyst Jacobsen's catalyst opens up short pathways to enantiomerically pure pharmacological and industrial products via the synthetically versatile epoxy function . In this paper, a synthesis of Jacobsen's catalyst is performed (Scheme 1). The synthesized catalyst is then reacted with an unf ...



Lasers 4
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... they are not being emitted at exactly the same moment but instead at random short bursts. Even if the light is of a single frequency that statement would also be true. A laser is useful because it produces light that is not only of essentially a single frequency but also coherent, with the light waves all moving along in unison. Lasers consist of several components. A few of the many things that the so-called active medium might consist of are, atoms of a gas, molecules in a liquid, and ions in a crystal. Another component consists of some method of introducing energy into the active medium, such as a flash lamp for example. Another component is the pair of mirr ...



Ionic Bond
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... the ions in the saturated solution and is the maximum concentration possible without creating precipitation. In this lab, solutions of lead nitrate and potassium iodide will be mixed at a number of dilutions. The reactions will then be observed to see at which point a precipitate no longer occurs. Ksp will then be stated as a range of values at room temperature, and the precipitate test tubes will be heated until the precipitate is dissolved so that Ksp may be observed and determined at different levels. In this experiment various solutions of lead nitrate and potassium iodide were mixed at a number of different dilutions. Through the observation of the ...




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