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Essays on Science

Egyptian Bedouins
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... his prophet, as well as belief in all other prophets before Muhammad. The next pillar is prayer. Prayer must be carried out five times a day. The first prayer called Fagr (streak of light) must take place between when the first light of the day is seen until 10:00 am. The second prayer called al-duhr (noon prayer) should be done between noon and the next prayer which is the asr (afternoon) prayer. The fourth prayer of the day is the Maghrib (sundown) prayer. The last prayer is called the Isha (night) prayer. If any prayer is missed at any time of the day for any reason, it can be made up at a later time. The next pillar of Islam is al-sowm (the fast). Mus ...



The Downy Woodpecker
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... which include tchick, an aggressive social note; a tick and a tkhirrr, which are alarm notes. There is also a location call, known as a "whinny", made up of a dozen or more tchicks all strung together. Scientific Names The downy woodpecker's scientific name is Picoides pubescens. There are also six particular downies with six particular scientific names all from different regions of the United States and southern Canada which I have listed below: southern downy / Dryobates pubescens Gairdner's woodpecker / Gairdneri pubescens Batchelder's woodpecker / Leucurus pubescens northern downy / Medianus pubescens Nelson's downy / Nelsoni pubescens willow wood ...



Fermentatiom By Yeast
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... Followed by glucose, this produced .014 ml/minute; finally, sucrose which produced .012ml/minute of Carbon Dioxide. The test solutions water and glycine did not release Carbon Dioxide because they were not a food source for yeast. The results suggest that sugars are very good energy sources for a cell where amino acid, Glycine, is not. INTRODUCTION Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which fuel molecules are broken down to create pyruvate and ATP molecules (Alberts, 1998). Both pyruvate and ATP are major energy sources used by the cell to do a variety of things. For example, ATP is used in cell division to divide the chromosomes (Alber ...



Moon Expoloration
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... The actual spacecraft was made of the combined Command Module and the Service Module also called the CSM. It was 34ft. long and 10ft. in diameter at the end. It had a major advantage with its internal guidence system, that was developed by The Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The CSM was made of two parts. The crew stayed in the Command Module, which had some couches and was pressurized with oxygen. Behind the CM was the SM or Service Module which had the main engine, which had 21,500lb. of thrust. The reaction control system , oxygen, fuel cells, hydrogen tanks, and envirnmental control systems. The main engine was only used for changes in course ...



Give An Overview Of Life Through The Tertiary, In Relation T
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... during Paleogene time was a refrigeration of Earth’s polar regions, which resulted in a chilling of the deep sea and, later in the Cenozoic Era, in widespread glaciation. Paleogene mountain-building events in western North America foreshadowed Neogene uplifts of such ranges as the Sierra Nevada and the Rocky Mountains. During the Neogene, the modern world took shape. The global ecosystems acquired their present configuration and prominent topographic features assumed the forms we are familiar with today. No mass extinction marked the transition from the Paleogene to the Neogene. During the 24 million years of the Neogene, however, life ad Earth’s ph ...



The Hippopotamus: Endangered Species Report
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... Zaire once had one of the largest hippo populations in the world, around 23,000 hippos. According to a count done in 1994, this number has now dropped to 11,000. The 1989 ban on elephant ivory is the main cause attributed to the exponential rise to hippo ivory trade. "European and African activists are petitioning advocacy groups, including last week's annual Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species in Florida, for a ban on hippo poaching. But they say they're a long way from putting an end to the slaughter." (Howard & Koehl) The hippopotamus is an enormous amphibious animal with smooth, hairless skin. Hippos can be found in Liberia, the ...



Creatine 2
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... health or sport product retailer. It sells for roughly $35 a bottle, and is distributed by many manufacturers. Creatine serves as an energy reserve in muscle cells. Muscular contraction is powered by the breakdown of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to ADP (adenosinediphosphate). When all the ATP is broken down, creatine phosphate in the muscle donates a phosphate group to ADP, and further energy reactions can occur. Creatine Monohydrate is a precursor to creatine phosphate. By supplementing with CM, CP levels in muscle apparently are maximized, and more muscular work can occur, since there are greater energy reserves to use. Approximately 95% of the body's cre ...



Earthquakes
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... that "mild were caused by wind escaping from caves within the bowels of the earth and severe shocks were by gales that found their way into great subterranean caverns" (Matthys 87). However, with modern technology we found that what actually causes is tectonic plates which on average move only two inches per year they are driven by convection currents which is the upward movement of heated particles rising from the earth's molten core. As the plates are driven against each other one will try to and eventually will slip underneath the other. When plates move quickly an earthquake is the result. Before the availability of instruments capable of a quantitativ ...



The Y2K Problem
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... of these computer systems will produce obviously silly results, good for a laugh at the office. Some will produce subtle errors that may be passed on, undetected at the source, in an ever-expanding circle of bad data. And some systems will stop working altogether. How might systems fail? Let's look at an example program in which the omitted century is assumed to be '19' and the program's function is to figure out how old you are. If you were born in 1958, then in 1999 this program will calculate your age as 99 minus 58, or 41. That's fine, but what happens when the century rolls over to '20' in the year 2000? In this program, the year will appear as '00' but the ...



Helium
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... to liquefy and is impossible to solidify. These properties make liquid helium extremely useful as a refrigerant and for experimental work in producing and measuring temperatures close to absolute zero. Liquid helium can be cooled almost to absolute zero at normal pressure by rapid removal of the vapor above the liquid. At a temperature slightly above absolute zero, it is transformed into helium II, also called super fluid helium, a liquid with unique physical properties. It has no freezing point, and its viscosity is zero; it passes readily through minute cracks and pores and will even creep up the sides and over the lip of a container. Helium-3, the lighter helium ...




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