... that nerve cells (neurons) use to communicate messages to each other. Receptors are special areas that receive these chemical messages. The key neurotransmitter in migraine is called serotonin (often referred to in the scientific literature as 5-HT or 5-hydroxytryptophan). If something interferes with the normal functioning (production, release, receptor docking, and/or re-uptake) of serotonin, that disrupts the normal functioning of the nervous system and can lead to various symptoms associated with migraine. The severe pain associated with migraine occurs when the mechanism that normally inhibits and/or mediates pain is disabled. There is no actual tissue damag ...

... young Muslim, Christian, Jewish and African girls. The July 14, 1996, Los Angeles Times, states that more than 120 million women across a broad swath of the African continent have been subjected to the brutal genital mutilation. Most are children between the ages of 4 and 10 when the ritual takes place. Although Westerners condemn it as torture, child abuse and a violation of human rights, it remains a revered rite of passage in parts of Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. According to the World Health Organization, circumcision dates back almost 4,000 years. No one knows exactly how the practice began, though scholars speculate its origins lay somewhere ...

... color and whither. Even though they are changing color because they are dying, that thought is dismissed from the mind because of the beauty in that event which the eye beholds-with humans it should be the same thing. People should not feel sad seeing their elder loved ones change their colors and whither but rather rejoice from the knowledge that they lived a magnificent life and their death is merely the start of a new beginning. After all the leaves have fallen, and the ground is littered in seas of immense color, the very structure that carried the leaves remains-the trees. They live on long after the leaves have fallen and died and remind us that no matter how ...

... Aristotle. He was not interested in medicine, but soon he became interested in math. In 1585, he convinced his father to let him leave the school without a degree. Galileo was a math tutor for the next four years in Florence. He spent a lot of the four years studying the scientific thoughts and philosophies of Aristotle. He also invented an instrument that could find the gravity of objects. This instrument, called a hydrostatic balance, was used by weighing the objects in water. Galileo returned to Pisa in 1589 and became a professor in math. He taught courses in astronomy at the University of Pisa, based on Ptolemy's theory that the sun and all of th ...

... with each other and giving off special scents. As you will see, it took a lot of researching to come up with the correct answer and see if my hypothesis was correct. I first had to research all of my chemicals and note their specific contributions to the experiment. The chemicals included vinegar, ethyl alcohol, sulfuric acid, salicylic acid, and methyl alcohol. RESEARCH OF THE PROBLEM To start my project, I researched vinegar. Vinegar is a sour liquid with a pungent odor, containing acetic acid, and is made by fermenting dilute alcoholic liquids such as cider, wine, or other fruit juice. Vinegar is used as a condiment, preservative, and in certain medicines (2 ...

... such as may be the case on sandy sites, and oxidation. However, the most favourable conditions for preservation of the pollen record are acidic, anaerobic sites such as peat bogs. This high degree of survivability combines with another factor inherent in the nature of pollen - the large amount produced - to make pollen analysis one of the most important tools available to the archaeologist. Though one further factor in the make-up of pollen enhances its value, namely the wide morphological variation between pollen from different plant species, most of which can be detected and classified using normal laboratory equipment. Pollen analysis is a technique which ...

... hunt on a certain person's land, s/he is often denied the privilege, after the proprietor of the land has had one negative experience with some other hunter. This can make hunting a much harder sport to participate in, even for the people who are hunting for their livelihood. (Satchell 30) Over the years, hunting has reduced the animal population drastically. In the 1970's, the number of ducks making annual flights was approximately 91.5 million. In 1995, the number had been reduced to around 64 million. Within 20 years, in short, the duck population was reduced by almost one third, showing the drastic toll hunting is taking on our wildlife. If we assume that other ...

... height of the waves become three or more feet higher than the previous high tide. Coastal floods can be caused by a number of things. Coastal floods can be caused by runoff, hurricane waves, tsunami (seismic sea waves), and hurricane rains. Coastal flooding can not only take part on oceans but it can also take part on lakes. Coastal flooding can be a great danger because coast lines are very densely populated areas. In the United States in the early 1990's 50% of the population was on a coastal county.1 Although they shrink before reaching shore, wind generated waves have been spotted to be as high as 30 m (100 ft) in the middle of the ocean.2 In 1970 a major storm ...

... weight of the ice and when the ice melted the coasts had rebounded or slowly rose. The bare rock had become the new coastline. Other shores had developed from geological events but in a different way. The rocky coast of Hawaii was formed by successive flows of lava into the sea which have not had time to collect sediment. Life on the rocky shores is separated into distinct zones that reflect the length of time each is exposed. At the highest point on the rocks is the black zone, marked by blue-green algae. This transition area between land and the marine environment is flooded only during the high spring tides. The algae, enclosed in gelatinous sheaths t ...

... but usually affects the final section of the small intestine, the ileum. Inflammation of the inner lining of the colon and rectum is caused by Ulcerative Colitis, while Crohn's disease is an inflammation that extends into the deeper layers of the intestinal wall. Crohn's disease can also affect the also affect the colon, the regional lymph nodes, and the mesentery (outside covering of the intestines). The disease can be aggravated by a bacterial infection. It begins with the development of patches of inflammation on the intestinal wall, which can spread from one part of the digestive tract to another. It sometimes only develops in one place and does not spread ...