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Essays on Science

Dinosaurs
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... since been discovered nearly worldwide. Different types of dinosaurs varied greatly in form and size, and they were adapted for diverse habitats. Their means of survival can only be identified from their fossil remains, and some identifications are in dispute. They ranged in weight from 4 to 6 lb., in the case of the compsognathus, and up to 160,000 lb., in the case of the brachiosaurus. Most dinosaurs were large, weighing more than 1,100 lb., and few weighed less than 100 lb. Most were herbivores, but some saurischians were carnivorous. The majority were four- footed but some ornithischians and all carnivores walked on their hind legs. Always classified ...



Livestock And Wastes
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... each containing several hundred to several thousand animals tightly confined. The floors in the barns are slatted so manure can be flushed away. The manure is pumped into open-air lagoons, which are large, shallow pits dug into the ground, where it is stored until it can be pumped out to irrigate fields. The solid manure sinks to the bottom of the lagoon and is broken down by anaerobic bacteria over several months. The liquid rises to the top and is collected and sprayed over nearby fields. Many problems come with the lagoons. North Carolina is one of the top hog producing states in the country. On June 21, 1995, North Carolina suffered the largest agricult ...



Ozone Depletion In The Antarctic
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... are chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's). CFC's are found to be emitted into the atmosphere by solvents, refrigerators, and spray can propellants mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. CFC's disperse throughout the stratosphere and breakdown to release chlorine. Chlorine by itself is a very stable compound, but when in the stratosphere it binds to and destroys ozone. This is a cyclic process and therefor means that one chlorine can destroy many ozone molecules (Figure 1.2) During the winter in the Antarctic the circumpolar vortex, which is a strong westerly circulation around the continent, builds in the stratosphere. This phenomenon causes the interior of the stra ...



Acid Rain 8
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... areas. The widespread destructiveness of acid rain, however, has become evident only in recent decades. One large area that has been studied extensively is northern Europe. In 1984, for example, environmental reports indicated that almost half the trees in Germany’s Black Forest had been damaged by acid rain. This form of pollution has also particularly affected the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. Industrial emissions have been blamed as the major cause of acid rain. Because the chemical reactions involved in the production of acid rain in the atmosphere are complex and as yet little understood, industries have tended to challenge such a ...



Clouds
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... the high that range in altitude from 16,500 to 45,000 feet. In this division we have the cirrus, cirrocumulus, and cirrostratus . A cirrus cloud appears in delicate, feather-like bands that are not attached to each other, and is usually white with no shading. Cirrocumulus appear like very small round balls or flakes. The cirrocumulus sometimes form a pattern of a buttermilk sky. The cirrostratus sometimes form tangled webs or thin whitish sheets. A large ring or halo is sometimes seen around the sun or moon when the cirrostratus covers the sky. The middle layer of range in altitude from 6,500 to 23,000 feet. The altocumulus, altostratus, and nimbostratus ...



Cetaceans And Evolution
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... are still reminiscent of jointed limbs and digits, but the hind limbs were lost. The broad horizontal tail flukes that provide the main propulsive thrust bear no anatomical connection to the lost hind limbs, but are a seperate and distint development. They contain no bone, and owe their firm and yet flexible shape to underlying fibrous elastic tissue. The body is enveloped in a thick layer of blubber that aids in bouyancy, helps to preserve body heat, and is a source of stored energy. A cetacean’s skin is free of sweat glands, oil glands, or hair, and feels much like smooth, wet rubber to the touch. Cetaceans, like other mammals, have lungs. They breathe a ...



Natural Disasters
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... at the economical affects that hurricanes have on the United States. There are many reasons why I chose to use this variable. The main reason is I couldn't think of another topic that fit into e veryone's lives and had an effect on everyone. The hurricane year is broken up into two seasons. They are referred to as early season and late season. The early season starts June first and runs to September 10. The late season starts on September 10 and runs to the end of November. The date of September 10 is the midway point between the two seasons. This is the date that separates early season from late season. This leads me to what my research was about. I am writing a ...



Greenhousing The Wrong Way
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... One great example of the Greenhouse Effect is the planet Venus. Venus's atmosphere had a thick layer of CO2, giving the planet's surface a temperature warm enough to melt lead. So What Does All This "Greenhouse" Stuff Have To Do With Me? As the temperatures rise, the waters get warmer and begin the melting process of the polar ice caps (Popular Science). Long term predictions of Global warming say that the melting of the polar ice caps will continue causing ocean waters to rise, resulting in massive coastal flooding of major cities such as Los Angeles and Miami. If the next century's warming stays at a low end of estimates, the consequences are likely to be m ...



Hydrologic Cycle
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... of water already in the soil, soil composition, vegetation cover and degree of slope. Surface runoff eventually reaches a stream or other surface water body where it is again evaporated into the atmosphere. Infiltration, however, moves under the force of gravity through the soil. If soils are dry, water is absorbed by the soil until it is thoroughly wetted. Then excess infiltration begins to move slowly downward to the water table. Once it reaches the water table, it is called ground water. Ground water continues to move downward and laterally through the subsurface. Eventually it discharges through hillside springs or seeps into streams, lakes, and the ocean where ...



Hereditary
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... have no way to acquire instruments, then it is doubtful that you will ever discover your talent with music. Physically, you may have great potential as a runner, but, if you do not get enough to eat, then it is doubtful that you will ever live up to your potential. Traits such as what you look like are inherited from your parents. Your potential is also inherited from your parents. Chromosomes contain the information of a person's potential height, potential strength against disease, and other physical characteristics. A human being has 23 pairs of chromosomes in every cell in his or her body (except reproductive cells). If, during a stage of growth, a ...




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