... petition, handwritten in pencil, arguing that Florida had ignored a rule laid down by the Supreme Court: “ that all citizens tried for a felony crime should have aid of counsel.” Oral arguments were heard on January 15,1962 and the decision was announced on March 18, 1963. However, Gideon was wrong. The rule applied by the Supreme Court at that time was in fact exactly the opposite. The Constitution, it had held, did not guarantee free counsel to all felony defendants that are unable to retain their own. Since1942, when Betts v. Brady was decided by a divided Court, the problem of defendant’s federal constitutional right to counsel in a state court has been a con ...

... freest country in the world. Communism is an economic system in which one person or a group of people are in control. The main purpose of communism is to make the social and economic status of all individuals the same. It abolishes the inequalities in possession of property and distributes wealth equally to all. The main problem with this is that one person who is very wealthy can be stripped of most of his wealth so that another person can have more material goods and be his equal. The main reason for the attack on Cuba was the change to communism. On January 1, 1959, Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista fled the country for the safety of the Dominican Republic (Goode ...

... of the world. The Dutch make up the great majority of the nation’s inhabitants. They are mostly descended from the Franks, Frisians, and Saxons. According to a 1994 estimate, the had a population of 15,401,000, an increase of about 17.9% over the 1971 census total. The overall population was about 961 persons per sq. mile. The nation is heavily urbanized; about 27% of the people live in cities of more than 100,000 inhabitants, and another 62% inhabit smaller cities and towns. The largest cities are, the capital, Amsterdam; one of the worlds leading seaports, Rotterdam; the nation’s administrative center, The Hague; and a manufacturing hub, Utretch. The offic ...

... Othella Johnson does anything, whenever she wants!” While in reality she is weak individual. The United States during World War 2 were submissive towards Hitler at first. This gave Hitler time to gain power and support of the people. If the Unites States had acted sooner towards Hitler the war would’ve ended quickly. This is a similar paradox to Mrs. Johnson’s attitude towards segregation and racism in the story. Ignorance and propaganda were wide spread creating more and more assimilationists exponentially. Racism caused African people to hate themselves and there culture. Through this misunderstanding Black people wore different styl ...

... over slow reforms and the overbearing presence of feudalism. 1825-1861 The feudal system begins to fail when the goals and desires of the common peasant cannot be achieved through such an archaic doctrine. Various successive Czars attempt social reforms which do not leave an impact on the country's well-being. In December of 1825, an uprising from the populace occures when they demand changes to the economic system. With the development of the American, French and Spanish constitutions, the serfs now demanded the abolishment of the monarchy dictatorship, communal ownership of land and many other civil and social reforms. Unfortunately, their rebellion w ...

... towns of 2,000 individuals, to some of the largest cities in Europe of that time, such as Florence, Milan, and Venice, each with 100,000 citizens each. These city-states were loosely organized under the Pope, ruling out of Rome, although he had no real political control over the divided Italy. During the mid- 1300s and early 1400s, many large Italian cities came under the control of one family, such as the Visconti and later the Sforza families in Milan. The form of government established by the ruling families of the various Italian cities came to be known as signoria, with the chief official being called the signore. Soon, elaborate court systems, controlled by t ...

... to the government used today. In this government the Sumerians used the first legal code, UR-NAMMU, which was based on justice, judges were used in their legal system similar to the court systems we use today. The Babylonians however created the most complete legal code we possess today, unlike the Sumerians legal code this code, known as Hammurabi's code was based on the ideal of peace, which established the rule of law and justice and is used daily by the people of the 21st century. Another 21st century concept the Babylonians have been credited for is the evolving concept of a national god which unified cultures all over. This belief in one main god is used i ...

... Batista, in order to gain some popular support, released them after a few months. Castro’s rebellion failed, it sparked hopes of revolution everywhere in Cuba. After a few years of exile in Mexico, Castro and a small band of about eighty-five men returned to Cuba in December of 1956. Many of the men perished during the initial landing, but a small group including Fidel Castro and an Argentinian Marxist Ernesto "Che" Guevara, survived and went into the mountains. During the next two years, Castro and Guevara fought the Batista army continuously in small guerrilla wars. They called themselves the Twenty-sixth of July Movement, after the earlier uns ...

... The native Sicilians were oppressed and took refuge in the surrounding hills. The Sicilians formed a secret society to unite the natives against the Arab and Norman invaders. This secret society was called Mafia after the Arabic word for refuge. The society's intentions were to create a sense of family based on ancestry and Sicilian heritage. In the 1700's, pictures of a black hand were distributed to the wealthy. This was an unspoken request for an amount of money in return for protection. If the money was not paid, the recipients could expect violence such as kidnappings, bombings, and murder. By the nineteenth century, this society grew larger and more crimin ...

... which supposedly in a treaty offered protection and money to the tribes of the Niger river delta for their land, which was rich in resources. These tribes couldn't even read the treaty they were signing, "We understand the said Royal Niger company have full power to mine, farm and build in any portion of our country."(Human record, pg.92) This type of exploitation was common throughout , but it was all done in a way that it seemed as beneficial for the colonized, as for them. Technological Advancements were very important in the development of . Inventions such as the maxim machine gun and the steamboats were key for the Europeans too reach their objectives i ...